Epidermal barrier function in human immunodeficiency virus-infected South African infants compared with uninfected

Background and objective Infant human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection remains a problem in different parts of the world. Early signs of disease manifestation often involve infant skin. This study compared the skin barrier properties of HIV infected with uninfected infants. Methods A cross-sectional descriptive study was undertaken with HIV positive and HIV negative unexposed African infants (6 weeks-12 months). Both had normal birth weight for age, no pre-existing dermatoses or co-infections, and received all their vaccinations timeously. The HIV positive infants were on antiretroviral (ARV) therapy. The skin barrier quality was assessed by measuring the transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and skin surface hydration (SSH) on the dorsal arm (1) and the inner forearm (2). Results Eighty-six HIV negative and 43 HIV positive African children were recruited. There were significant differences between the two groups based on the presence of HIV infection. In both sites, measured TEWL rates were significantly higher for the HIV positive children. There was a nonsignificant difference between the SSH values for site 1 and a marginally significant difference for site 2, with the average values higher in the HIV positive group. In both groups, TEWL rates and SSH values were significantly lower on site 1 compared to site 2. Conclusion Differences in skin barrier properties of HIV infected and uninfected children may exist. The altered skin barrier in infected children may be one of the factors that predisposes them to various inflammatory and infectious dermatoses. Improving the skin barrier may assist in preventing these conditions.