Objective:
Radiofrequency (RF) energy delivered to cardiac tissue produces a core ablation lesion with surrounding edema, the latter of which has been implicated in acute procedural failure of Ventricular Tachycardia (VT) ablation and late arrhythmia recurrence. This study sought to investigate the electrophysiological characteristics of acute RF lesions in the left ventricle (LV) visualized with native-contrast Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI).
Methods:
An MR-guided electrophysiology system was used to deliver RF ablation in the LV of 8 swine (9 RF lesions in total), then perform MRI and electroanatomic mapping. The permanent RF lesions and transient edema were delineated via native-contrast MRI segmentation of T1-weighted images and T2 maps respectively. Bipolar voltage measurements were matched with image characteristics of pixels adjacent to the catheter tip. Native-contrast MR visualization was verified with 3D late gadolinium enhanced MRI and histology.
Results:
The T2-derived edema was significantly larger than the T1-derived RF lesion (2.1
$\pm$
1.5 mL compared to 0.58
$\pm$
0.34 mL;
p
=0.01). Bipolar voltage was significantly reduced in the presence of RF lesion core (
p
$< $
0.05) and edema (
p
$< $
0.05), with similar trends suggesting that both the permanent lesion and transient edema contributed to the region of reduced voltage. While bipolar voltage was significantly decreased where RF lesions are present (
p
$< $
0.05), voltage did not change significantly with lesion transmurality (
p
$>$
0.05).
Conclusion:
Permanent RF lesions and transient edema are distinct in native-contrast MR images, but not differentiable using bipolar voltage.
Significance:
Intraprocedural native-contrast MRI may provide valuable lesion assessment in MR-guided ablation, whose clinical application is now feasible.
