Metabolic (Dysfunction)-Associated Fatty Liver Disease in Chinese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes from a Subcenter of the National Metabolic Management Center

Background. Few studies have investigated the epidemiological metabolic (dysfunction) associated with fatty liver disease (MAFLD) in China, especially among those with type 2 diabetes. Methods. We recruited 3553 patients aged 18-75 years with type 2 diabetes who underwent abdominal ultrasound and serum biochemical analyses. Patient information including demographic and anthropometric parameters was also collected. Results. Overall, 63.2% of type 2 diabetic patients had MAFLD. Among the MAFLD patients, the proportions of lean, nonobese, and obese MAFLD were 23.1%, 75.7%, and 24.3%, respectively, and the percentage of previously undiagnosed MAFLD was 42.2%. MAFLD patients were younger, had shorter diabetic duration, and had greater BMI, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), fasting insulin, postprandial insulin, total cholesterol, and insulin resistance levels (HOMA-IR and TyG index). Liver fibrosis diagnostic panels revealed that the proportions of elevated AST (>= 40 U/L) and ALT (>= 40 U/L) were 7.3% and 18.5%, respectively. The distributions of AST-to-platelet ratio index (APRI), fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) index, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease fibrosis score (NFS) per stage were as follows: APRI-low 55.1%, indeterminate 35.3%, and high 9.5%; FIB-4-low 48.2%, indeterminate 45.3%, and high 6.5%; and NFS-low 15.0%, indeterminate 70.0%, and high 13.0%. Conclusions. MAFLD is a very common condition and generally had greater frequency of metabolic characteristics among type 2 diabetics in China. Many MAFLD patients were in the "indeterminate" or "high" stage when APRI, FIB-4, and NFS were assessed. Assessment of MAFLD should be included in the management of type 2 diabetes.