Cerebral blood flow differences between high- vs low-frequency VNS therapy in the epileptic baboon

•Regional cerebral blood flow (CBF) models electrophysiological events, including interictal epileptic discharges (IEDs).•Electrophysiological and CBF changes were compared between two modes of VNS Therapy.•CBF changes were similar between both modes of VNS Therapy in each baboon.•The superior colliculus and cerebellum were consistently activated by both modes of stimulation in both baboons.•HF-VNS therapy suppressed IEDs with bilateral cortical and subcortical deactivations and bilateral cerebellar activation.