Cancer risk following low doses of ionising radiation – Current epidemiological evidence and implications for radiological protection

•Recent epidemiological evidence on radiation-related cancer risks is summarized.•Substantial evidence exists that doses above 100 mGy cause cancer.•Growing evidence that doses below 100 mGy may cause cancer was also found.•Recurrent medical imaging procedures can result in doses around 100 mGy.•Hence, radiological protection aspects should be considered in medical imaging.