Development of a novel combined nomogram model integrating deep learning-pathomics, radiomics and immunoscore to predict postoperative outcome of colorectal cancer lung metastasis patients

Limited previous studies focused on the death and progression risk stratification of colorectal cancer (CRC) lung metastasis patients. The aim of this study is to construct a nomogram model combing machine learning-pathomics, radiomics features, Immunoscore and clinical factors to predict the postoperative outcome of CRC patients with lung metastasis. In this study, a total of 103 CRC patients having metastases limited to lung and undergoing radical lung resection were identified. Patch-level convolutional neural network training in weakly supervised manner was used to perform whole slides histopathological images survival analysis. Synthetic minority oversampling technique and support vector machine classifier were used to identify radiomics features and build predictive signature. The Immunoscore for each patient was calculated from the density of CD3+ and CD8+ cells at the invasive margin and the center of metastatic tumor which were assessed on consecutive sections of automated digital pathology. Finally, pathomics and radiomics signatures were successfully developed to predict the overall survival (OS) and disease free survival (DFS) of patients. The predicted pathomics and radiomics scores are negatively correlated with Immunoscore and they are three independent prognostic factors for OS and DFS prediction. The combined nomogram showed outstanding performance in predicting OS (AUC = 0.860) and DFS (AUC = 0.875). The calibration curve and decision curve analysis demonstrated the considerable clinical usefulness of the combined nomogram. Taken together, the developed nomogram model consisting of machine learning-pathomics signature, radiomics signature, Immunoscore and clinical features could be reliable in predicting postoperative OS and DFS of colorectal lung metastasis patients.