An Improved Energy Management Strategy for Fuel Cell Hybrid Vehicles Based on the Pontryagin's Minimum Principle.

In order to find a balance between fuel economy and durability of the hybrid power system, this paper presents an improved energy management method based on Pontryagin's minimum principle (IM-PMP). This strategy introduces a continuous cost function to limit the output power change rate of fuel cell, and introduces a satisfaction optimization function to limit the state of charge (SOC) of the lithium battery, then compares with the strategy based on the finite state machine (FSM). The simulation results verify that the presented method significantly improves the fuel economy, reduces the performance degradation of the fuel cell, and effectively maintains SOC of the lithium battery.