An assessment of canine ectoparasiticide administration compliance in the USA

Background This study evaluated the timing of dog owner ectoparasiticide purchases to estimate administration compliance and assess the consequent impact of dose purchase gaps on the proportion of time that dogs were protected over a 12-month period. Methods Ectoparasiticide purchase transactions over a 12-month period were evaluated for 626 US veterinary hospitals to determine dose purchase timing and identify consequent gaps between dose administration in dogs. Orally administered prescription ectoparasitic medications with active ingredients from the isoxazoline family (afoxolaner, fluralaner, lotilaner, or sarolaner) were included in the analysis. A period was calculated for each of the four isoxazoline-containing medications that represented the duration of protection provided by two doses of ectoparasiticide plus the average gap between these two doses. The maximum percentage of time possible for ectoparasiticide protection for this aggregate period was then calculated for each active ingredient. Results Ectoparasiticide transaction records of owners were analyzed for 506,637 dogs. These showed that 43% of dog owners purchased just one dose over the 12-month period considered. If a dog owner purchased more than one dose, then the timing of their transactions could create a time gap between the completion of ectoparasite protection from the first dose and onset of protection from the subsequent purchase and administration of the second dose. Such gaps were observed in purchases made by 31–65% of dog owners, depending on the selected active ingredient and number of doses. The average gap duration between dose purchases was calculated for all possible dose combinations over 12 months of ectoparasite protection. Time gaps between the first and second doses are as follows: for sarolaner, 20.3 weeks; for afoxolaner, 12.9 weeks; for fluralaner ,12.8 weeks; and for lotilaner, 8.9 weeks. The proportion of time when protection was provided during the aggregate period between administration of the first and second doses was as follows: for fluralaner, 65%; for lotilaner, 49%; for afoxolaner, 40%; and for sarolaner, 30%. Conclusions Dog owner ectoparasiticide purchase transactions showed that there were time gaps between doses leading to reduced ectoparasite protection. The longer re-administration interval for fluralaner, a consequence of its extended duration of activity, resulted in dog owners gaining the greatest proportion of ectoparasite protection time with this medication compared with shorter-acting monthly re-treatment medications. Graphical Abstract