Comparison of co-administration of amiodarone and rivaroxaban to co-administration of dronedarone and rivaroxaban for hemorrhage risks after atrial fibrillation ablation

Purpose To investigate whether co-administration of antiarrhythmic dronedarone and anticoagulant rivaroxaban would increase the risks of hemorrhage after atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation. Methods A total of 100 patients with AF who underwent radiofrequency catheter ablation (CA) in the Department of Cardiology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University from 2019–12 to 2020–11 were included. Patients were divided into an oral dronedarone and rivaroxaban group (D-R group, N = 50) and an oral amiodarone and rivaroxaban group (A-R group, N = 50) according to the postoperative antiarrhythmic and anticoagulation strategies. Patients in 2 groups were given propensity score matching (PSM) to obtain a sample with balanced inter-group covariates. A retrospective observational study was conducted. After 3 months of follow-up, the incidence of clinically relevant non-major bleeding (CRNMB), major hemorrhages, and early AF recurrence was observed. Results After PSM, 41 patients were included in each group. With similarly distributed baseline characteristics and ablation characteristics after PSM, the CRNMB rate after AF ablation was significantly higher in the D-R group than in the A-R group (26.8% versus 7.3%, P = 0.02), and no major hemorrhages were detected in both groups. No significant difference was observed in the sinus rhythm maintenance rate between the D-R group and the A-R group (26.8% vs. 22.0%, P = 0.43). Conclusions Compared to co-administration of amiodarone and rivaroxaban, co-administration of dronedarone and rivaroxaban increases the risk of CRNMB but it does not increase the risk of major hemorrhages in blanking period after AF ablation.