Metabolomics analysis of urine from rats given long-term high-protein diet using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry

•Long-term HFD intervention, rats had lower fat tissue and higher skeletal muscle to body weight ratio, compared to NCD rats.•11 dramatically different metabolites were identified (with VIP cut-off value > 1) in HPD, including 3 up-regulated and 8 down-regulated.•These 11 metabolites were identified as effective biomarkers, which were significantly related to HPD-induced metabolism related outcomes (fat tissue and skeletal muscle to body weight ratio).