Rare cytochalasans isolated from the mangrove endophytic fungus Xylaria arbuscula

Four new cytochalasans, arbuschalasins A–D (1–4), along with thirteen known analogues (5–17), were isolated from the solid rice medium of endophytic fungus Xylaria arbuscula. Arbuschalasins A–B feature a rare 5/6/6/6 fused ring system while arbuschalasin D was characterized as the first example of natural cytochalasans that possesses a 5/5/11 fused scaffold. The structures of 1–4 were assigned by spectroscopic data, with their absolute structures being determined by electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations. All of the isolates were evaluated against the human colorectal adenocarcinoma cell lines (HCT15). Compounds 6 and 7 showed significant inhibitory effects (IC50 values were 13.5 and 13.4 μM, respectively), being more active than those of the positive control, fluorouracil (103.1 μM).