The ultrasonographic characteristics of female periurethral solid masses

Introduction and hypothesis Studies on the imaging of female periurethral masses are sparse, and most are focused on cystic lesions. In this article, we studied female periurethral solid masses and reported their ultrasonographic features. Methods Fifteen women with periurethral solid masses pathologically diagnosed between January 2008 and April 2021 were assessed. Results Each patient had only one mass. The pathological types included urethral caruncle (5 patients), urethral leiomyoma (3 patients), urethral malignant tumor (MT) (3 patients), periurethral spindle tumor (3 patients) and cartilage necrosis of pubic symphysis (PS) (1 patient). On ultrasound, all urethral caruncles were located at the urethral meatus. They were hypoechoic/isoechoic and rich in blood flow signal. Each leiomyoma presented as a well-defined hypoechoic mass with an oval shape. The urethral MT had inhomogeneous/isoechoic echoes, with medium to abundant blood flow signal. The spindle cell tumors had regular/irregular shapes, moderate/high density echogenicity and little/rich blood flow signals. The articular cartilage necrosis of PS was regular in shape, with mixed echogenicity and no blood flow. Conclusions Ultrasound imaging is a convenient and useful method to evaluate the morphological characteristics of female periurethral solid masses.