The influence of selected factors on the immunogenicity of preventive vaccinations against hepatitis A, B and influenza in solid organ transplant recipients undergoing immunosuppressive therapy - a review

Introduction Immunization is the most effective form of the primary prevention of infectious diseases. Knowledge on the efficacy and immunogenicity of vaccinations in the group of organ transplant patients taking chronic immunosuppressive treatment remains incomplete. Areas covered The aim of this paper was to analyze factors influencing the post-vaccination response in patients undergoing chronic immunosuppressive therapy based on a literature review. Only publications that evaluated the immunogenicity of influenza, HAV and HBV vaccinations in patients on immunosuppressive therapy were reviewed. Expert opinion The following methods are used to potentially increase the immunogenicity of vaccinations against HAV and HBV amongst post-transplantation patients: increasing the number of doses, increasing dose volumes, the method of administering as well as the addition of adjuvant. Immunogenicity is also impacted by the immunosuppression mechanism. Overall, vaccination has been concluded to be safe for post-transplantation patients and adverse events following immunization (AEFI) have typically been rated as mild or moderate. The instances of transplant rejections as observable in the long term have not been related to administered vaccinations. The data shows certain correlations of some factors with increased immunogenicity, however it is necessary to repeat the studies on a more representative group of patients.