Risk factors of early liver dysfunction after liver transplantation using grafts from donation after citizen death donors

Background: As an early complication after liver transplantation, early allograft dysfunction (EAD) indicates a poor prognosis. This study analyzes the risk factors related to early allograft dysfunction (EAD) after liver transplantation using grafts from donation after citizen death (DCD) to provide a reference for the prevention of EAD after DCD liver transplantation. Methods: A total of 32 patients who underwent DCD liver transplantation in the organ transplantation center of our hospital from September 2013 to January 2021 were enrolled in this study. The patients were divided into the EAD group and non-EAD group according to whether they developed EAD after transplantation. The general data of the donors and recipients before transplantation, intraoperative conditions, and clinical data within one week after transplantation were compared between the two groups, and related complications were statistically analyzed. The follow-up time was one week postoperatively or, if they died within the first week postoperatively, until the patient died. Results: The subjects included 10 females and 22 males, and the incidence of postoperative EAD was 25% (8/32). Four patients (12%) had primary malignant tumors (primary liver cancer and cholangiocarcinoma), and five donors (15%) had fatty liver. The univariate analysis revealed that the donor BMI (P = 0.005), degree of fatty liver (P = 0.025), aspartate aminotransferase (P = 0.001), alanine aminotransferase (P < 0.001), and total bilirubin (P = 0.009) were related to the occurrence of EAD after DCD liver transplantation. By analyzing the correlation between the incidence EAD and postoperative complications after liver transplantation using grafts from DCD donors, it was shown that the incidence of primary nonfunction (PNF) is related to EAD (P = 0.024). Conclusion: Donor BMI, the degree of fatty liver, and preoperative liver function are risk factors for EAD after DCD liver transplantation, and the occurrence of EAD after DCD liver transplantation significantly increases the probability of PNF.