New 5-mm laparoscopic pneumodissector device to improve laparoscopic dissection: an experimental study of its safety in a swine model

Background To improve the laparoscopic surgical dissection, the aim of the study was to assess the safety of burst of high-pressure CO 2 using a 5-mm laparoscopic pneumodissector (PD) operating at different flow rates and for different operating times regarding the risk of gas embolism (GE) in a swine model. Methods The first step was to define the settings use of the PD device ensuring no GE. Successive procedures were conducted by laparotomy: cholecystectomy, the PD was placed 10 mm deep in the liver and the PD was directly introduced into the lumen of the inferior vena cava. Different PD flow rates of 5, 10, and 15 mL/s were used. The second step was to assess the safety of the device (PD group) during a laparoscopic dissection task (cystic and hepatic pedicles dissection, cholecystectomy and right nephrectomy) in comparison with the use of a standard laparoscopic hook device (control group). PD flow rate was 10 mL/s and consecutive burst of high-pressure CO 2 was delivered for 3–5 s. Results In the first step ( n = 17 swine), no GE occurred during cholecystectomy regardless of the PD flow rate used. When the PD was placed in the liver or into the inferior vena cava, no severe or fatal GE occurred when a burst of high-pressure CO 2 was applied for 3 or 5 s with PD flow rates of 5 and 10 mL/s. In the second step (PD group, n = 10; control group, n = 10), no GE occurred in the PD group. The use of the PD did not increase operative time or blood loss. The quality of the dissection was significantly improved compared to the control group. Conclusions The 5-mm laparoscopic PD appears to be free from CO 2 GE risk when consecutive bursts of high-pressure CO 2 are delivered for 3–5 s with a flow rate of 10 mL/s.