Title: Mapping the Immune Landscape of Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma by Single-Cell RNA-seq

The immune cells within the tumor microenvironment are considered key determinants of response to cancer immunotherapy. Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) has transformed the treatment of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), although the role of specific immune cell states remains unclear. To characterize the tumor microenvironment (TME) of ccRCC, we applied single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) along with paired T cell receptor sequencing to map the transcriptomic heterogeneity of 24,904 individual CD45+ lymphoid and myeloid cells in matched tumor and blood from patients with ccRCC. We identified multiple distinct immune cell phenotypes for B and T (CD4 and CD8) lymphocytes, certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not this version posted October 31, 2019. ; https://doi.org/10.1101/824482 doi: bioRxiv preprint