Chronic Kidney Disease

In 2018, chronic kidney disease (CKD) was estimated to affect approximately 850 million people worldwide. Up to 10.5 million patients worldwide with CKD need dialysis or a kidney transplant, although many patients cannot receive these lifesaving treatments because of high costs or lack of resources [1]. CKD has emerged as one of the highest-occurring, life-threatening, non-communicable diseases in both developing and developed countries.