Chapter 17. Reality, from virtual to augmented

Virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) are human-computer interface technologies that allow users to interact with computers in novel ways. These technologies have a long and rich history, but with recent advancements in computer technology and decreasing costs of AR/VR hardware, application of these technologies to the medical and healthcare industries has been rapidly evolving. These advancements have allowed AR/VR hardware-components of which may be worn on the head and covering the eyes to become smaller, lighter, and more portable “wearable technology.” This chapter will explore three broad categories in which AR and VR are being utilized as medical applications: (1) as a medical education tool for clinicians and patients, (2) as a visualization tool for presurgical planning and intraoperative guidance, and (3) as a therapeutic tool to treat health disorders.