Seasonal Variability of PM 10 Chemical Composition Including 1 1 , 3 , 5-triphenylbenzene , Marker of Plastic Combustion and 2 Toxicity in Wadowice , South Poland 3 4

1 Seasonal Variability of PM10 Chemical Composition Including 1 1,3,5-triphenylbenzene, Marker of Plastic Combustion and 2 Toxicity in Wadowice, South Poland 3 4 Przemysław Furman, Katarzyna Styszko, Alicja Skiba, Damian Zięba, 5 Mirosław Zimnoch, Magdalena Kistler, Anne Kasper-Giebl, Stefania 6 Gilardoni 7 8 1 AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, 9 Department of Applied Nuclear Physics, Krakow, Poland 10 2 AGH University, Faculty of Energy and Fuels, Department of Coal Chemistry and Environmental 11 Sciences, Krakow, Poland 12 3 TU Wien, Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna, Austria 13 4 Institute of Polar Sciences-National Research Council, Bologna, Italy 14 15 Abstract 16 17 The objective of this research was to evaluate the seasonal variation of the chemical 18 composition of PM10 including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and 19 1,3,5-triphenylbenzene (135TPB), which is a well known marker of plastic combustion. The 20 presented work is a part of the project concerning assessment of air quality of small cities around 21 Krakow agglomeration. Monitoring campaign was conducted between February and October 2017 22 in Wadowice, a small city in Krakow agglomeration, South Poland. To widen the knowledge of 23 Krakow's agglomeration air quality, other aerosol chemical components were analyzed. Ion 24 chromatography (IC) was used for analysis of cations and anions, while gas chromatography-mass 25 spectrometry (GC-MS) was used for PAHs. Samples were also analyzed for OC/EC 26 (organic/elemental carbon) by thermal-optical analysis with a Sunset Laboratory carbon analyzer, 27 Sunset Inc. The co-combustion of plastic in addition to conventional fuels and the respective 28 impact on air quality is evaluated via the concentration of the marker compound 135TPB. 29 Co-combustion of plastics with fuels resulted in a higher abundance of fluorene and most of 4-6 30 ring PAHs, in agreement with recent literature. Authors proved that other sources besides plastic 31 burning, including road transport, residential heating, residential combustion, industrial emissions, 32 affect the air quality in South Poland. The modeling tool Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian 33 Integrated Trajectory model (HYSPLIT), developed by NOAA’s Air Resources Laboratory, was 34 used to define the possible areas outside Wadowice contributing to urban air pollution. 35 36