Evaluation of the Benefits and Harms of Lung Cancer Screening With Low-Dose Computed Tomography: Modeling Study for the USPSTF

EXPOSURES Screening with varying starting ages, stopping ages, and screening frequency. Eligibility criteria based on age, cumulative pack-years, and years since quitting smoking (risk factor–based) or on age and individual lung cancer risk estimation using risk prediction models with varying eligibility thresholds (risk model–based). A total of 1092 LDCT screening strategies were modeled. Full uptake and adherence were assumed for all scenarios.