Inhibitory Learning as Prediction Error Feedback Loop

Inhibitory learning promotes emotion regulation via systematic exposure to fear-inducing stimuli. Given that inconsistencies between expectations, states, and outcomes may be experienced as elements of inhibitory learning, to what extent are prediction errors – mismatches between expectations and outcomes – a core neural element of inhibitory learning? This paper takes a complex systems approach to prediction errors and postulates that a prediction error feedback loop – a series of self-perpetuating disparities between expected and perceived outcomes – could be a correlate of or responsible for improved emotion regulation from inhibitory learning. The inhibitory learning prediction error feedback loop may additionally elucidate how human and animal studies demonstrate improved emotion regulation in the form of reduced fear responses without exposure to specific fear-inducing stimuli.