Reprogrammed Cells-based Bone Regeneration

PURPOSE: Bone injuries comprise 25-50% of all musculoskeletal pathologies. Unfortunately, de novo bone formation is inadequate for critical-sized defects due to the lack of sufficient endogenous progenitor cells. Additionally, current cell-based restorative strategies for tissue generation are hindered by numerous obstacles such as inadequate cell availability, painful and invasive cell-harvesting procedures, and tumorigenesis. We successfully reprogrammed human dermal fibroblasts to a multipotent state with elevated pluripotency marker expression and multiple lineage differentiation potentials without tumorigenicity. In this study, we further described FReP cell-based bone regeneration in detail.