Ionic liquid-based dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction followed by magnetic solid-phase extraction for determination of quinolones

An ionic liquid-based dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (IL-DLLME) combined with magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE) was developed for extraction of quinolones (quinolones) from honey and milk prior to high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis. 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate was used as the extraction solvent and an effective adsorbent based on chitosan modified magnetic core–shell functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNTs-Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 -CS) nanoparticles was used to assist IL to adsorb quinolone residues in honey and milk samples. Extraction conditions were optimized through one-factor-at-a-time and response surface methodology using a Box-Behnken design. Under optimum conditions satisfactory linearity ( R 2 > 0.999) and high sensitivity (method limits of quantification were 4–8 μg kg −1 or μg L −1 in honey or milk samples) was achieved. The recoveries of quinolones in honey and milk ranged from 81.2 to 109%. Based on this study, the proposed method was employed for the determination of antibiotic residues in honey and milk samples. Graphical abstract