Higher platelet counts correlate to tumour progression and can be induced by intratumoural stroma in non-metastatic breast carcinomas

Background Platelets support tumour progression. However, their prognostic significance and relation to circulating tumour cells (CTCs) in operable breast cancer (BrCa) are still scarcely known and, thus, merit further investigation. Methods Preoperative platelet counts (PCs) were compared with clinical data, CTCs, 65 serum cytokines and 770 immune-related transcripts obtained using the NanoString technology. Results High normal PC (hPC; defined by the 75th centile cut-off) correlated with an increased number of lymph node metastases and mesenchymal CTCs in the 70 operable BrCa patients. Patients with hPC and CTC presence revealed the shortest overall survival compared to those with no CTC/any PC or even CTC/normal PC. Adverse prognostic impact of hPC was observed only in the luminal subtype, when 247 BrCa patients were analysed. hPC correlated with high content of intratumoural stroma, specifically its phenotype related to CD8+ T and resting mast cells, and an increased concentration of cytokines related to platelet activation or even production in bone marrow (i.e. APRIL, ENA78/CXCL5, HGF, IL16, IL17a, MDC/CCL22, MCP3, MMP1 and SCF). Conclusions Preoperative platelets evaluated alone and in combination with CTCs have prognostic potential in non-metastatic BrCa and define patients at the highest risk of disease progression, putatively benefiting from anti-platelet therapy.