White matter correlates of sensorimotor synchronization in persistent developmental stuttering

•We assessed white matter pathways and sensorimotor synchronization in adults who stutter and fluent speakers.•Group differences were detected in dorsal and cerebellar pathways.•The left inferior cerebellar peduncle was associated with sensorimotor synchronization in adults who stutter.•The left arcuate fasciculus was associated with sensorimotor synchronization in fluent speakers.Differential association patterns provide enhanced sensitivity and offer a useful tool for discovery in communication disorders.