Hierarchical task analysis of endoscopic sleeve gastroplasty

Background Endoscopic sleeve gastroplasty (ESG) is a minimally invasive endoscopic weight loss procedure used to treat obesity. The long-term goal of this project is to develop a Virtual Bariatric Endoscopy (ViBE) simulator for training and assessment of the ESG procedure. The objectives of this current work are to: (a) perform a task analysis of ESG and (b) create metrics to be validated in the created simulator. Methods We performed a hierarchical task analysis (HTA) by identifying the significant tasks of the ESG procedure. We created the HTA to show the breakdown and connection of the tasks of the procedure. Utilizing the HTA and input from ESG experts, performance metrics were derived for objective measurement of the ESG procedure. Three blinded video raters analyzed seven recorded ESG procedures according to the proposed performance metrics. Results Based on the seven videos, there was a positive correlation between total task times and total performance scores ( R = 0.886, P = 0.008). Endoscopists expert were found to be more skilled in reducing the area of the stomach compared to endoscopists novice (34.6% reduction versus 9.4% reduction, P = 0.01). The mean novice performance score was significantly lower than the mean expert performance score (34.7 vs. 23.8, P = 0.047). The inter-rater reliability test showed a perfect agreement among three raters for all tasks except for the suturing task. The suturing task had a significant agreement (Inter-rater Correlation = 0.84, Cronbach’s alpha = 0.88). Suturing was determined to be a critical task that is positively correlated with the total score ( R = 0.962, P = 0.0005). Conclusion The task analysis and metrics development are critical for the development of the ViBE simulator. This preliminary assessment demonstrates that the performance metrics provide an accurate assessment of the endoscopist’s performance. Further validation testing and refinement of the performance metrics are anticipated.