3D networks of TiO2 nanofibers fabricated by sol-gel/electrospinning/calcination combined method: Valuation of morphology and surface roughness parameters

•Calcination reduced diameters of electrospun TiO2 nanofibers.•Formation of crystalline anatase TiO2 in nanofibers after calcination at 500 °C.•Higher applied voltage prepared TiO2/PVP nanofibers with higher diameters.•Higher applied voltage led to TiO2 nanofibers with lower diameters.•Calcination reduced Sq value of thin films of electrospun TiO2 nanofibers.•Thickness of thin film of TiO2 nanofibers reduced 50% after calcination at 500 °C.