Tiny Flies: A Mighty Pest That Threatens Agricultural Productivity-A Case For Next-Generation Control Strategies Of Whiteflies

Simple Summary Despite being a pest of global importance, effective management of whiteflies by the implication of environmentally friendly approaches is still a far-reaching task. In this review, we have tried to bring the readers' attention to next-generation control strategies such as RNA interference and genetic modifications of plants for the expression of anti-whitefly proteins. These strategies offer huge promise to provide an effective and sustainable solution to the problem of whiteflies, either in isolation or in combination with other widely used practices under the regimes of integrated pest management. Focus has also been given to advanced technologies such as nanotechnology and genome editing, with promising prospects for field applications. The importance, applicability, and demand of these technologies for the control of whiteflies have been highlighted. We have also attempted to present the holistic picture of challenges in the path of commercial application of these promising technologies. To underline the pest status of whiteflies concisely, we have enlisted all economically important species of the pest along with their host plants/crops across the world. A comprehensive list of various insecticides of chemical, microbial, and botanical origin, applied in the field for the control of sweetpotato whitefly along with their resistance status, ecotoxicities, and effects on biological control agents, has been provided for readers. Whiteflies are a group of universally occurring insects that are considered to be a serious pest in their own way for causing both direct and indirect damages to crops. A few of them serve as vectors of plant viruses that are detrimental to the crop in question and cause an actual loss in productivity. A lot of attention is focused on pest control measures under the umbrella of IPM. In this review, we attempt to summarize the existing literature on how and why whiteflies are a serious concern for agriculture and society. We reviewed why there could be a need for fresh insight into the ways and means with which the pest can be combated. Here, we have emphasized next-generation strategies based on macromolecules, i.e., RNA interference and genetic engineering (for the expression of anti-whitefly proteins), as these strategies possess the greatest scope for research and improvement in the future. Recent scientific efforts based on nanotechnology and genome editing, which seem to offer great potential for whitefly/crop pest control, have been discussed. Comprehensive apprehensions related to obstacles in the path of taking lab-ready technologies into the farmers' field have also been highlighted. Although the use of RNAi, GM crops, nanotechnologies, for the control of whiteflies needs to be evaluated in the field, there is an emerging range of possible applications with promising prospects for the control of these tiny flies that are mighty pests.