Soccer league optimization for load flow analysis of power systems

This paper proposes a generalized soccer league optimization (SLO) based load flow (LF) method suitable for both transmission and distribution systems. The LF problem is formulated as an optimization problem of lowering the sum of squares of active and reactive power mismatches at all busses, while taking the net corrections of bus voltage angles and magnitudes as unknown decision variables. The formulated problem is then solved using SLO, a population-based algorithm imitated from the behavior of team players of soccer league competition. The performances in respect of accuracy, robustness to different line r/x ratios, and computational efficiency are studied on six standard IEEE transmission and distribution systems and the results are presented.