Vein and artery diameter influence on arteriovenous fistula maturation and patency in a Mexican population

Background: There is no consensus of the optimal arterial and venous sizes on arteriovenous fistula (AVF) function and patency. The purpose of our study was to determine the influence of vein and artery sizes on maturation and patency in autologous first time AVF in a vascular access clinic of Mexican Social Security. Methods: Approved IRB single-center retrospective study in patients referred for their first AVF from 01/2018/ to 04/2020. Perianastomotic inner vein diameter and single inner artery diameter was recorded by duplex ultrasound. Outcomes were: failure to mature (FTM) and cumulative primary patency survival. Results: Eighty-six AVF's were created (mean age 45.5 +/- 15.1 years; 62.8% male; mean BMI 25.9 +/- 4.3 kg/m(2)). About 86% were brachiocephalic AVF. Eight (8.1%) AVF had FTM. Mean follow-up was 19.7 +/- 8.5 months. Two-year patency survival was 81.4%. FTM vein and artery diameters (2.1 +/- 0.3 and 2.8 +/- 0.7 mm respectively) were smaller than successful AVF's (3.1 +/- 0.9 and 3.5 +/- 0.6 mm) (p < 0.05). ROC curve calculated a 2.15 mm vein diameter cutoff (AUC: 0.86) and a 2.95 mm artery diameter cutoff (AUC: 079) for FTM AVF's (83% sensitivity, 72% specificity both) (p < 0.05). AVF's created with a vein diameter <2.15 mm and <2.95 mm artery diameter had statistically significant lower patency survival than AVF's with larger vein and artery diameters (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Vein diameter <2.15 mm and artery diameter <2.95 mm influences AVF maturation and patency in a Mexican population.