Application of graphene in low-temperature fuel cell technology: An overview

Fuel cells offer the possibility of zero-emission electricity generation and increased energy security. However, fuel cell technology, particularly the low-temperature fuel cell, still has some major problems that hinder their commercialization, including costly components, durability issues, hydration, and an efficiency loss of approximately 60% during operation. Recently, graphene has been introduced as a potential solution to enhance the performance of fuel cell systems. This article presents a review on the application of graphene in fuel cell technology and the presentation of the electrochemical characteristic of graphene. This article also summarizes the recent research trends in graphene and its economic aspects, with a discussion on the modifications that increases the graphene strength along with other benefits for the future development of graphene technology. Finally, this work also addressed the current problems and future advances in adopting graphene in a low-temperature fuel cell system.