Aquifer vulnerability and groundwater quality around Brahma Bahtar Lesser Himalayas Pakistan

Brahma Bahtar area in Lesser Himalayas was assessed using an integrated approach of geophysical and hydrogeological investigations. The vertical electrical sounding (VES) and hydrologer were employed for the aquifer delineation and vulnerability. The VES results and borehole lithologies reveal alluvial and rock aquifer system. The alluvial aquifer was unconfined to semi-confined and comprised of inter-layered lithology of sand, gravel, boulders, clay and silt. Rock aquifer system comprised of inter-layered cavity beds of limestone and shales. Pumping test shows low-to-medium flow rates, which can be exploited for groundwater development. The chemical analysis of groundwater samples collected at selected locations satisfy the potable water quality according to World Health Organization standards.