Enhancing The Removal Efficiency Of Methylene Blue In Water By Fly Ash Via A Modified Adsorbent With Alkaline Thermal Hydrolysis Treatment

An effective adsorbent of methylene blue was synthesized from coal fly ash (FA; waste material from a coal power plant) by a denaturing process with an alkaline solution at 90 degrees C. The denatured fly ash (D-FA) has a surface area and pore volume of 66.39 m(2) g(-1) and 15.33 cm(3) g(-1), respectively, whereas the values of the original FA are negligible, i.e., 3.55 m(2) g(-1) and 0.02 cm(3) g(-1). The removal of methylene blue (MB) in aqueous solution by D-FA was increased in the range of initial MB concentration (10-20 mg L-1); contact time (0-120 min); pH (2-8); D-FA dosage (1-4 g L-1). However, a larger value of those operational parameters would not improve the removal activity. Furthermore, the methylene blue adsorption on the denatured FA was fitted with the Langmuir model with R-2 = 0.9991; the maximum adsorption capacity was determined as 28.65 mg g(-1) from the model. Overall, the highest removal efficiency of MB using D-FA with the dosage of 4 g L-1 was 97.1% in 30 mg L-1 solution of methylene blue at pH = 7. The alkaline hydrothermal denaturation of waste FA is a promising approach to produce an adsorbent with beneficial environmental engineering applications.