Homogeneity Of The Granger Causality And Applications For Generated/Recycled Waste Dependence On Welfare

The main objectives of this paper include extending the classical homogeneity tests for panel data (data series, for the 2002-2016 period, on generated / recycled waste, GDP(PPS) per capita and HDI, for 15 EU countries), testing Granger causality homogeneity and, if the homogeneity hypothesis of the Granger causality proves true, identifying the source of this homogeneity. The two sources considered are: (i) the lack of Granger causality for all countries and (ii) the existence of a common Granger causality for all countries considered. Among our findings we mention that in all four cases we have homogeneity of the Granger causality. In the case of the dependence among the amount of recycled waste on GDP(PPS) per capita, this homogeneity comes from the effective Granger causality, whatever the considered country. In the other cases, this homogeneity is due, obviously, to the lack of Granger causality.