When Both The State And Market Fail: Inclusive Development And Social Innovation In India

In this paper, inclusive development is conceptualized as an outcome of a 'double failure': the failure of both the state and the market to deliver basic provisions to the population. Taking the case of India as one of the early adopters of the concept, its previously enacted development policies, associated ideological underpinnings, and inclusive development policies and programmes are examined. Today, inclusive development is producing a hybrid domain, an experimental ground of collaborations between for-profit and non-profit organizations, with the state recalibrating its engagement with development. These cross-domain collaborations are crucial for catalyzing social innovation, which, in turn, adds a new feature to inclusive development.