A functional logic for neurotransmitter co-release in the cholinergic forebrain pathway

The forebrain cholinergic system has recently been shown to co-release both acetylcholine and GABA. We have discovered that such co-release by cholinergic inputs to the claustrum differentially affects neurons that project to cortical versus subcortical targets. The resulting changes in neuronal gain toggles network efficiency and discriminability of output between two different projection subcircuits. Our results provide a potential logic for neurotransmitter co-release in cholinergic systems. ### Competing Interest Statement The authors have declared no competing interest.