Treatment Outcome and Risk Factors of Adult Newly Diagnosed Epilepsy: A Prospective Hospital-Based Study in Northeast China

Objective: The study was conducted to summarize the treatment outcomes of newly diagnosed epilepsy (NDE) and analyse the risk factors for refractory epilepsy (RE) in Northeast China. Methods: A total of 466 adult patients with NDE were consecutively enrolled in this programme. Clinical data were collected at baseline and each follow-up. Several scales concerning recognition and mood were also completed at the first visit. Results: Seizure-free status was achieved by 52% (n = 244) of the patients; however, 15% (n = 68) manifested RE. A total of 286 (61%) patients continued with the first ASM as monotherapy, among which 186 (40%) patients became seizure-free. Fifteen (22%) patients with RE became seizure-free following ASM adjustment and 34 patients (14%) had breakthrough seizures after being classified as seizure-free. One patient developed RE after attaining seizure-free status. Breakthrough seizures during the first expected interictal interval [Odds ratio (OR) = 5.81, 95% CI: 2.70-12.50], high seizure frequency at baseline (OR = 1.24, 95% CI: 1.04-1.49), younger age of onset (OR = 1.42, 95% CI: 1.12-1.79), and male sex (OR = 2.64, 95% CI: 1.26-5.53) were risk factors for RE. Significance: Treatment outcomes of the majority of NDE cases are good. New risk factors could help physicians more promptly and accurately identify patients who are likely to develop RE. Seizure-free state is not long enough to commence the withdrawal of ASMs. RE is not permanent and seizure-free may be achieved subsequently by appropriate drug adjustment.