Optimized protocol for naive human pluripotent stem cell-derived trophoblast induction.

Human trophoblasts arise from the morula as trophectoderm, which differentiates into cytotrophoblast, syncytiotrophoblast, and extravillous trophoblast after implantation. Here, we present a robust step-by-step protocol to induce trophectoderm (TE) from naive human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) corresponding to pre-implantation epiblast. Our culture system (TE induction and ACE condition) mimics the entire trophoblast development including the molecular events. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Io et al. (2021).