Conservatively Managed Chronic Bronchopleural Fistula After Lung Cancer Tri-Modality Therapy: A Case Report

The standard of care for locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer is definitive chemoradiotherapy followed by adjuvant immunotherapy.1 The addition of surgery to the treatment paradigm is thought to provide further benefit in carefully selected patients, when surgery is limited to lobectomy.2,3 Bronchopleural fistula (BPF) is a known but rare complication of lung cancer resection, with an incidence of <3% reported in the literature. Neoadjuvant radiation therapy is thought to be a risk factor.