Does the interference phenomenon affect strength development during same-session combined rehabilitation program in hemodialysis patients?

Introduction This study aimed to assess if an interference effect could blunt the neuromuscular gains induced by a same-session combined rehabilitation in hemodialysis (HD) patients. Methods Patients exercised twice a week, for 16 weeks, over their HD sessions. They were either always trained with resistance and endurance exercises (continuous training, "CONT") or alternatively with 1 week of resistance alternated with 1 week of endurance (discontinuous training, "DISC"). Adherence and workload were continuously recorded. Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) score, one-leg balance test, and handgrip and quadriceps strength were evaluated before and after training intervention. Results Adherence to both programs was high (>90%). SPPB score had significantly improved (CONT: +1.5 point, DISC: +1.2 pt, p < 0.001), like one-leg balance test (CONT: +3.7 s, DISC: +5.5 s, p < 0.05), handgrip strength of exercised (CONT: +5.5 kg, DISC: +5.6 kg, p < 0.001) and of nonexercised arm (CONT: +4.4 kg, DISC: +2.8 kg, p < 0.01) as well as maximal quadriceps strength (+22 N center dot m for dominant and +29 N center dot m for nondominant leg in both groups, p < 0.001) bearing no difference between the trainings. Conclusion Same-session combined training does not induce an interference effect in HD patients and temporal separation of exercises does not optimize strength gains. These practical data may be relevant for clinicians and practitioners to alternate endurance and resistance exercises.