Stable lariats bearing a snoRNA (slb-snoRNA) in eukaryotic cells: A level of regulation for guide RNAs

Small nucleolar (sno)RNAs guide posttranscriptional modifications essential for the biogenesis and function of their target. The majority of snoRNAs in higher eukaryotes are encoded within introns. They are first released from nascent transcripts in the form of a lariat and rapidly targeted by the debranching enzyme and nuclear exonucleases for linearization and further trimming. In this study, we report that some snoRNAs are encoded within unusually stable intronic RNAs. These intronic sequences can escape the debranching enzyme and accumulate as lariats. Stable lariats bearing a snoRNA, or slb-snoRNA, are associated with snoRNA binding proteins but do not guide posttranscriptional modification. While most slb-snoRNAs accumulate in the nucleus, some can be exported to the cytoplasm. We find that this export competes with snoRNA maturation. Slb snoRNAs provide a previously unknown layer of regulation to snoRNA and snoRNA binding proteins.