Does Treatment of Gingivitis During Pregnancy Improve Pregnancy Outcomes? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate whether treatment of gingivitis in pregnant women affects pregnancy out-comes. Materials and Methods: This was a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials using PRISMA guidelines to appraise the treatment of gingivitis on pregnancy outcomes, including preterm birth (less than 37 weeks), low birth weight (less than 2,500 g), gestational age and birth weight. Pooled odds ratios (OR), mean difference, and 95% confidence intervals (Cl) were calculated using the random effect model. A search was conducted in data-bases including Medline, Pubmed, Web of Science, Google Scholar and Embase without restrictions regarding lan-guage or date of publication. Results: Three clinical trials comprising 1,031 participants were included in this review. Treatment of gingivitis dur -ing pregnancy was associated with a decreased risk of preterm birth (OR = 0.44, 95% Cl [0.20-0.98], P = 0.045) and higher birth weight (weighted mean difference (WMD) = 105.36 g, 95% Cl [36.72-174.01], P = 0.003). Gesta-tional age at birth in the treatment group (WMD = 0.31 weeks, 95% Cl [-0.02-0.64], P = 0.64) as weil as likeli-hood of low birth weight (OR = 0.92, 95% Cl [0.38-2.21], P = 0.851) did not reach statistical significance. Conclusion: The results of this meta-analysis indicate that treatment of gingivitis in pregnancy may improve preg-nancy outcomes including increased infants birth weight and reduced preterm births. Future trials are warranted to validate the true effect size of gingivitis treatment on pregnancy outcomes.