Progress in Convective System Observation by Combination of Different Satellites.

Based on the combination of the matching images from Meteosat geostationary, Aeolus Lidar, and Sentinel-1 polar-orbiting satellites, this study proposes a new way to observe convective systems (CS) in three-dimensions. This 3D observation follows the schematic CS dynamics: an intense downdraft associated with a deep convection cloud may induce wind gust from moderate to high intensity (10–25 m/s) when it hits the sea surface. In addition, the combination of Sentinel-1 and SMAP enables observation of the CS surface wind pattern displacement. The motion direction and speed of the wind patterns seem to be similar to those of the deep convection clouds.