Success rate and learning curve of intraoperative neural monitoring of the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve in thyroidectomy

Background This study aimed to evaluate the success rate and learning curve of intraoperative neural monitoring (IONM) of the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve (EBSLN) in thyroidectomy. Methods We studied 130 consecutive patients (200 nerves at risk [NARs]) who had undergone conventional thyroidectomy with IONM of the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) and EBSLN from January 2017 to March 2020. The learning curve was defined as the number of NARs required to achieve an effective and reliable neuromonitoring rate. Results IONM of the EBSLN was successful in 136/200 (68%) NARs. The cutoff point of the learning curve was 45 NARs (28 patients). The neural identification rate of EBSLN was significantly higher in the post-learning 155 NARs group than the pre-learning group (82.6% vs. 17.8%, p < 0.001). Conclusions Approximately 45 NAR neuromonitoring attempts were required to reach a significant increase in the EBSLN identification rate and overcome the learning curve.