SWIFT DIRECT: Solitaire (TM) With the Intention For Thrombectomy Plus Intravenous t-PA Versus DIRECT Solitaire (TM) Stent-retriever Thrombectomy in Acute Anterior Circulation Stroke: Methodology of a randomized, controlled, multicentre study

Rationale Whether treatment with intravenous alteplase prior to mechanical thrombectomy (MT) in acute ischemic stroke patients with large vessel occlusion is beneficial remains unclear. Aim To determine whether patients experiencing acute ischemic stroke due to occlusion of the intracranial internal carotid artery or the M1 segment of the middle cerebral artery who are referred to an endovascular stroke center and who are candidates for intravenous alteplase will have non-inferior functional outcome at 90 days when treated with MT alone (direct MT) with stent retrievers compared to patients treated with combined intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) with alteplase plus MT (IVT + MT) with stent retrievers. Sample size To randomize 404 patients 1:1 to direct MT or combined IVT+MT. Methods and design A multicenter, prospective, randomized, open-label, blinded-endpoint (PROBE) trial utilizing an adaptive statistical design. Outcomes The primary efficacy endpoint is functional independence (modified Rankin Scale 0-2) at 90 days. Secondary clinical efficacy outcomes include change in National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score from baseline to day 1 and health-related quality of life at 90 days. Secondary technical efficacy outcomes include successful reperfusion prior to start of MT and time from randomization to successful reperfusion. Safety outcomes include all serious adverse events, symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage, and mortality up to 90 days. Discussion SWIFT DIRECT will inform physicians whether direct MT in acute ischemic stroke patients with large vessel occlusion is equally or more efficacious than combined treatment with intravenous alteplase and MT.