Radiochemical Evidence for the Contribution of Chemotyped Siderophore Producing Bacteria Towards Plant Iron Nutrition

Fe deficiency is a major challenge that limits agricultural productivity and is a serious human health concern worldwide. Under iron-limiting conditions soil microorganisms produce siderophores, that chelates Fe 3+ (ferric) and make it available to the plants. Selection of efficient siderophore producing bacteria and establishing their role in enhancing iron uptake is a strategic approach for improving plant nutrition. Hence 3 efficient isolates Pantoea agglomerans , Pseudomonas plecoglossida and Lactococcus lactis , selected from a repository of 154 bacteria, producing catecholate, hydroxamate and carboxylate siderophores, respectively, were assessed for Fe chelation efficiency using 59 Fe and their role in plant biometric parameters, Fe uptake and antioxidant enzymes with tomato (Strategy I) and wheat (Strategy II) test plants under hydroponic system. Cell-free siderophore preparation (Sid) improved plant parameters and iron nutrition more efficiently than bacterial inoculants. Pantoea agglomerans was proven best as its 59 Fe-bound siderophore complex showed the highest uptake of 4.25 and 1.59 Bq plant −1 in wheat and tomato, respectively. Further, the Fe-starved plants (1 µm Fe-EDTA) showed around two-fold higher 59 Fe uptake than those raised under Fe-sufficient condition (100 µm Fe-EDTA). Results indicated that probably the bacterial mediated iron translocation in plants is Strategy III, complementing both Strategy I and II by facilitating higher availability of chelated Fe to plant reductases directly and/or through ligand exchange with phytosiderophores, respectively. This study highlights the need for integration of siderophore based formulations in INM strategies for enhancing plant iron content to address the Fe deficiency challenge of the soil and human nutrition.