Recent research trends in voltammetric sensing platforms for hormones and their applications to human serum analyses

Hormones are essential chemical messengers that modulate body homeostasis and regulate appetite, mood, reproduction, and metabolism in the human body. Its dysregulation in the body can cause diabetes, Alzheimer's disease, and autism. The detection of hormone levels in biological fluids, including serum samples, could facilitate the precaution, diagnosis, and cure of diseases. Voltammetric sensing devices exhibiting significant sensitivity, selectivity, as well as facile, cost-effective fabrication, are one of the promising methods for detecting hormone levels. Thus, this review briefly highlights recent advances toward developing voltammetric sensors for a wide spectrum of amino acid-derived, peptide, and lipid-derived hormones alongside their applications to the analyses of human serum samples. Furthermore, several challenging issues and the prospects of voltammetric hormone-sensing devices in clinical diagnostic applications are discussed. Graphical abstract