Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) associated with cancer: A systematic review

•Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is a relapsing inflammatory disease of central nervous system with severe disabling attack that predominantly affects the optic nerves and the spinal cord.•Diagnosis of NMOSD and cancer at the same time could be complicated for clinicians.•Cancers should be considered in parallel with Patients with NMOSD to improve paraneoplastic NMOSD management.•Based on this systematic research, the most reported malignancies were breast and genitourinary (especially ovary) in women; lung, genitourinary (especially prostate) and hematology in men respectively.