A machine learning approach to determine the prognosis of patients with Class III malocclusion

•Classifying patients with Class III malocclusion into phenotypic subtypes can inform diagnosis.•A machine learning method was used to classify patients with Class III malocclusion into subtypes.•Mandibular prognathic subtypes were more likely to undergo jaw surgery.•Maxillary deficient subtypes have a better prognosis when managed nonsurgically.•This study characterized how subtypes respond differently across a variety of treatments.