Improving Multi-Hop Time Synchronization Performance in Wireless Sensor Networks Based on Packet-Relaying Gateways With Per-Hop Delay Compensation

Based on the reverse asymmetric time synchronization framework, we have proposed several schemes with a major focus on the energy efficiency and computational complexity of a large number of battery-powered, low-cost sensor nodes in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). To address the cumulative end-to-end synchronization error, we have also introduced an idea of compensating for the processing delays ...